Hi Welcome to the FRF
My thought is you probably should not be driving your truck.
Normally when you remove the pinion nut to replace the seal you will also need to at minimum inspect the bearings and races and replace the pinion crush sleeve.
the crush sleeve once compressed to set the preload stays compressed and shouldn't be reused.
the vibration you are feeling and noise you are hearing is a direct result of incorrect preload. the only question now is what is damaged in the rear end.
you may have damaged the ring and pinion and resulting metal shavings will damage the bearings.
The good news is used Ford Ranger rear ends are inexpensive compared to buying the parts to rebuild yours if needed.
Start with draining the rear end, and inspecting the ring and pinion for damage.